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Falkland Islands: THE BLACK FRANK: 1873 (Oct. 1) a fine strike on blue envelope to Emma Luxton in Swansea, endorsed ''Paid'' with red ms. ''6(d.)'' and red London Paid of Nov. 15, F.1 c.d.s. at left, part Swansea arrival on reverse, slight flap damage. Carried on the ''Black Hawk'' to Montevideo and from there on the ''Boyne'' to Southampton. Emma Luxton, born in Petrockstowe, Devon in 1850 and living still with her parents, was the unmarried younger sister of William Luxton (1841-1881). William had acted as valet to the Prince of Wales whilst serving on H.M.S. ''Hero'' and had arrived on the islands in 1864 as part of a detachment of marines. He had decided to make his home there, working for the Dean family and raising a young family, his descendants later owning the Chartres sheep station on West Falkland. Ex Styles and Palmer collections. Barnes 5/73. Photo.

Falkland Islands: THE BLACK FRANK: 1876 (Feb. 15) a fine strike on envelope endorsed ''Private'' addressed to Henry Langridge, West India merchant and shipbroker (1837-1915), in London, showing red ms. ''6(d.)'' with fine F.1 despatch c.d.s. at lower left and red London E.C. Mar. 31 arrival on reverse, small tear at top from opening. Carried on the ''Black Hawk'' to Montevideo and from there on the ''Mondego'' to Southampton. Barnes 4/76. Photo.

Falkland Islands: EARLY INCOMING MAIL: 1877 blue envelope addressed to Colonial Secretary George Travis, franked by 1870 6d. grey pl. 15 GF tied by London W. ''SP 21/77'' duplex, with F.1 ''NO 4/1877'' arrival datestamp below. Carried on the ''Sparrow Hawk''. No. 26 in the 1977 Norris & Beech listing of the 'Travis' find. Photo.

Falkland Islands: THE RED FRANK: 1878 (May 13) The latest known date of use. Envelope addressed to F. Coleman, Secretary of the Falkland Islands Company in London, with very fine strike of the Frank, prepaid rating ''6'' in magenta, type F.1 despatch c.d.s. at left and London E.C. July 1 arrival backstamp. Carried on the ''Black Hawk'' to Montevideo and thence to Southampton on the ''Mondego''. Coleman's customary receiving note reveals the enclosed letter to have been written on May 7 and the sender as Rev. Yeoman. Many of the shepherds on the Falkland Islands Company's main farm at Darwin were of Scottish origin and members of the Free Church of Scotland. In 1872 with the assistance of the Company a minister, Rev. Yeoman, was found and the following year a church of iron construction brought from Britain and erected at Darwin. Barnes 13/78. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1884, sheet of mourning notepaper (152 x 195mm) showing on reverse two sample strikes each of the Black and Red Franks, the type F.1 c.d.s. and large ''R'' registration mark both dated ''DE 11/1884'', the ''F.I.'' steel obliterator (Ob. 1/78) and 'First Cork F.I.' (1/85) together with stuck down examples of the 1878 6d., 1s., 1882 1d. and 4d. (from the upper right corner of the sheet) together with a Chile 1c., with handwritten message ''Perhaps you or one of your/friends has a stamp album/so I send you a full sample/of our stamps'', initialled ''WC''. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Die Proofs, Imperforate 1d. die proof in reddish purple, showing border line at top approx. 1mm from upper frame line, affixed to card (70 x 105mm) numbered ''2'' at lower right. Ex North, Lickfold and Spencer collections. Five die proofs are known in different colours, each unique. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Die Proofs, Imperforate 1d. die proof in blue-green, showing additional border lines on three sides, affixed to card (70 x 105mm) numbered ''3'' at lower right. Ex North, Mayall, Lickfold and Spencer collections. Five die proofs are known in different colours, each unique. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Die Proofs, 1898 2s.6d. deep blue and 5s. red imperforate die proofs in issued colours on thin card. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Colour Trials, 1d. imperforate colour trial in brown on wove paper, a block of four, one with trivial ink spot in margin on reverse otherwise fine. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Colour Trials, 1d. imperforate colour trial in brown on wove paper, a horizontal pair showing large ''SPECIMEN.'' handstamp (27 x 3.5mm) in red, pressed creasing otherwise fine and rare. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Colour Trials, 6d. imperforate colour trial in blue on wove paper, a block of four, a few faint tones on reverse of upper pair otherwise fine. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Colour Trials, 1s. imperforate colour trial in olive-black on wove paper, a block of four, fine. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Colour Trials, 1s. imperforate colour trial in green on wove paper, a horizontal pair with large margins, fine. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Colour Trials, 1s. imperforate colour trial in green on wove paper, a block of four, fine. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Printers' samples, 9d. imperforate printers' sample in red-brown, affixed to card (66 x 105mm) with ''ENGRAVED BY/BRADBURY, WILKINSON & CO. LD. LONDON'' handstamp in red at foot and endorsed ''No. 13''. Six sample proofs are known in different colours mounted on board, each unique. Ex Ayre and 'Stanley' collections. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Printers' samples, 2s.6d. imperforate printer's sample in brown on thick card handstamped ''SPECIMEN.'' (16.5 x 2mm) in red, faintly stained. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Printers' samples, 5s. imperforate printer's sample in deep blue on thick card handstamped ''SPECIMEN.'' (16.5 x 2mm) in red, slightly stained. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Specimen Stamps, 1885 1d. pale claret, watermark Crown to right of CA, horizontal pair with gum, both handstamped ''Specimen'' (Samuel type FI1), one with handstamp doubled, the other showing dropped ''p'', very scarce. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Specimen Stamps, 1889-91 1d. red-brown and 4d. olive grey-black handstamped ''SPECIMEN'' in red (16.5 x 2mm and 11.5 x 1mm respectively), in matching blocks of six (2 x 3) with marginal straight edge at top, without gum, from the single sheets of sixty. Ex Bradbury Wilkinson archives. (12) Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Specimen Stamps, 1889-91 1d. red-brown and 4d. olive grey-black handstamped ''SPECIMEN'' in red (16.5 x 2mm and 11.5 x 1mm respectively), without gum, in matching upper left blocks of fifteen (5 x 3) from the single sheet of sixty with marginal straight edges on two sides, the former dated ''Sep 26 1889'' in upper margin. Ex Bradbury Wilkinson archives. (30) Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Specimen Stamps, 1889-91 1d. red-brown and 4d. olive grey-black handstamped ''SPECIMEN'' in red (16.5 x 2mm and 11.5 x 1mm respectively), without gum, in matching blocks of thirty with marginal straight edges on three sides, the lower three rows from the single sheet of sixty. Ex Bradbury Wilkinson archives. (60) Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Specimen Stamps, 1891-1902 1/2d. blue-green, Nov. 1891 printing, 1d. orange red-brown, Oct. 1891 printing, 21/2d. pale chalky ultramarine, Aug. 1891 printing, each handstamped ''SPECIMEN.'' (16.5 x 2mm) in red and affixed to card, fine and scarce. (3) Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Specimen Stamps, 1891-1902 1/2d. blue-green, Nov. 1891 printing, unique lower marginal imprint block of eight (4 x 2) each handstamped ''SPECIMEN.'' (16.5 x 2mm) in red, affixed to card. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Specimen Stamps, 1891-1902 21/2d. pale chalky ultramarine, Aug. 1891 printing, lower right corner marginal horizontal pair both handstamped ''SPECIMEN.'' (16.5 x 2mm) in red and affixed to card. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Queen Victoria Proofs and Specimens: Specimen Stamps, 1898 2s.6d. deep blue and 5s. red overprinted ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type B2), fine with gum. S.G. 41s, 42s, cat. £550. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1878-79 no watermark 1d. claret, 4d. grey-black, 6d. blue-green, 1s. bistre-brown (2, one slightly oxidised), large part original gum, odd bend or other minor imperfection. S.G. 1-4, cat. £2,430. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1878-79 no watermark 1d. claret, unused block of ten (2 x 5) from the lower right corner of the sheet with straight edge imperforate margin at foot, mainly fine and an exceptionally rare multiple. S.G. 1, cat. £7,500+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1878-79 no watermark 4d. grey-black, unused block of twelve (2 x 6) being columns 1 and 2 of the sheet with straight edge imperforate margins on three sides, pressed diagonal creasing at upper right otherwise chiefly fine. S.G. 2, cat. £16,800+. Previously believed to be the largest recorded multiple, the adjoining columns 3 and 4 were offered in the Grosvenor auction of the John du Pont collection (Mar. 7, 2013, lot 2031 realised £13,500). Photo.

Falkland Islands: Used selection with cancellation interest incl. 'cork' types, comprising 1878-79 4d. on piece, 1885-91 4d. pale grey-black, 4d. grey-black (2), 1889-91 1d. (3), 4d. watermark reversed, 1891-1902 1/2d. green watermark reversed and 6d. orange-yellow watermark not reversed, chiefly fine. (10)

Falkland Islands: 1882 Watermark Crown CA Upright 1d. dull claret, a horizontal pair from the upper left corner of the sheet, fresh mint. S.G. 5, cat. £650+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1882 Watermark Crown CA Upright, 1d. dull claret, watermark inverted and reversed, large part original gum, minor horizontal bends otherwise fine. S.G. 5y, cat. £600. Photo.

Falkland Islands: Selection comprising 1885-91 Watermark Crown CA Sideways 1d. pale claret, Crown to right of CA, unused (regummed), 4d. pale grey-black, Crown to left of CA, 4d. grey-black, Crown to right of CA, horizontal crease, 1889-91 Watermark Crown CA upright 1d. red-brown, 4d. olive grey-black, both with slight imperfections, each with part or large part original gum, good appearance. S.G. 7w, 9, 10w, 11, 12, cat. £1,970. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1885-91 Watermark Crown CA Sideways, 1d. pale claret, Crown to left of CA, a mint block of ten (5 x 2) with three unmounted, fine, the upper row showing marginal watermark ''(A)GENTS FO(R)''. S.G. 7, var., cat. £950+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1885-91 Watermark Crown CA Sideways, 1d. pale claret, Crown to right of CA, mint block of six [R. 2/2-3/4], the upper right stamp with 'neck blemish' [R. 2/4], the lower row unmounted and showing marginal watermark letters ''ENTS'', chiefly fresh and fine. S.G. 7w, vars., cat. £720+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1885-91 Watermark Crown CA Sideways, 1d. brownish claret, Crown to left of CA, a rare complete sheet of sixty (10 x 6) with rows 3 and 4 showing marginal watermark letters ''CROWN AGENTS FOR/THE COLONIES'' (inverted), a few bends and other small imperfections otherwise mainly fine mint, hinged on two and in selvedge only. Ex Palmer collection. S.G. 8, cat. £7,200+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1885-91 Watermark Crown CA Sideways 4d. pale grey-black, Crown to left of CA, mint, fine. S.G. 9, cat. £850. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1885-91 Watermark Crown CA Sideways, 4d. pale grey-black, Crown to right of CA reversed, large part original gum, fine. SH 9b wmk3, S.G. 9y, cat. £850. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1885-91 Watermark Crown CA Sideways, 4d. grey-black, Crown to left of CA, mint horizontal strip of three from the foot of the sheet, odd trivial bend, fresh and fine. S.G. 10, cat. £1,350+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1885-91 Watermark Crown CA Sideways, 4d. grey-black, Crown to right of CA, a mint example from the top of the sheet, fine. S.G. 10w, cat. £450. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1889-91 Watermark Crown CA Upright, 1d. red-brown mint and used horizontal pairs, the latter from the upper right corner of the sheet, mainly fine. S.G. 11, cat. £880+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1889-91 Watermark Crown CA upright 4d. olive grey-black, watermark reversed, mint, fine and scarce. S.G. 12x, cat. £500. Heijtz certificate (2011). Photo.

Falkland Islands: The 1891 Bisect Provisionals: 1/2d. on half of 1d. brownish claret, the famous mint 'pair of two unsevered pairs', also showing watermark Crown to right of CA reversed and marginal watermark letters ''OL'', fine. An important rarity. Ex Grant collection. Holcombe (1985) and Heijtz (2016) certificates. SH 13b wmk1, cat. £7,000+, S.G. 13a, cat. £7,500+. lllustrated on p. 39 of ''The Postage Stamps of the Falkland Islands and Dependencies'' by B.S.H. Grant. Photo.

Falkland Islands: The 1891 Bisect Provisionals: 1/2d. on half of 1d. red-brown, watermark upright, part original gum, slightly oxidised. S.G. 14, cat. £700. Photo.

Falkland Islands: The 1891 Bisect Provisionals: 1/2d. on half of 1d. red-brown, watermark upright, 'strip of three' with posthumous surcharges showing large full stop, large part original gum, a most unusual multiple. R.P.S. certificate (1930) as S.G. 13 in incorrect 'claret' shade. Photo.

Falkland Islands: The 1891 Bisect Provisionals: 1/2d. on half of 1d. red-brown, watermark upright, unsevered pair, mint, fine and fresh. Ex Sir Gawaine Baillie and 'Fordwater' collections. B.P.A. certificate (1966) S.G. 14a, cat. £4,750. Photo.

Falkland Islands: The 1891 Bisect Provisionals: Posthumous surcharges, 1/2d. on half 1d. red-brown selection comprising broken ''2'' group on rejoined vertical block of six with steel obliterator cancellations, 'Harding' group (lack of tail to base of ''2'') 1/2d. applied inverted on 1d. red-brown horizontal strip of three, one bisected, with c.d.s. cancellations (B.P.A. certificate (1932) as genuine) and slightly oxidised unused single (faults) showing doubled surcharge (apparently from 'Campbell' group). (10)

Falkland Islands: The 1891 Bisect Provisionals: Fifth Mail (Mar. 28, 1891) registered cover to Isaac Turner in Hammersmith bearing 1887 4d. grey-black with 1d. brownish claret bisect, light 'First Bisect' cork cancellations, the bisect additionally tied by London May 2 arrival oval and red London May 4 hooded datestamps with despatch c.d.s. and ''(crown)/REGISTERED'' marking at left, carried on the ''Isis'', Hammersmith arrival backstamp, cover tear at top and some soiling but a scarce registered item. Ex Prappas collection. R.P.S. certificate (1935). Barton E10. Photo.

Falkland Islands: The 1891 Bisect Provisionals: Sixth Mail (Apr. 14, 1891) envelope to W.A. Bird in Uxbridge bearing 1d. brownish claret bisect se-tenant with unbisected pair with straight edge margin at foot, tied by 'First Bisect' cork cancellations (1/90) with despatch c.d.s. at left, carried on the ''Herodot'' and ''Sorata'' with May 24 arrival backstamp, slight creasing. Ex Pinkney and Ayre collections. Barton F1. Photo.

Falkland Islands: The 1891 Bisect Provisionals, Eleventh Mail (Sept. 4, 1891) envelope to Miss Cramp in Sydenham bearing 1d. red-brown (3, one bisected) tied by 'First Bisect' cork cancellations (1/90) with despatch c.d.s. at left, carried on the ''Theben'' and ''Potosi'' with London Oct. 10 arrival in red on reverse, a few trivial stains. Unlisted by Barton but for similar see K3, noting that the shared ''22'' in ms. at left may not indicate a correspondence number. Photo.

Falkland Islands: The 1891 Bisect Provisionals, Twelfth Mail (Sept. 15, 1891) 'Wildsmith' envelope to London bearing 1/2d. on 1d. brownish claret used with unbisected 1d. brownish claret and 1d. red-brown, tied by First Bisect cork cancellations (1/90), despatch c.d.s. below, carried on the ''Totmes'' with red London Oct. 19 arrival backstamp, vertical fold clear of adhesives. Very scarce usage, the surcharge misplaced and additionally tying bisect to cover, revealing application of handstamp after adhesive affixed to cover, the bisect also having been 'wrongly' cut from lower right to upper left corners. Ex Lovibond collection. B.P.A. certificate (1960). Barton L3. Photo.

Falkland Islands: The 1891 Bisect Provisionals: Sixteenth Mail (Dec. 23, 1891) registered cover to Henry Pease & Co.'s Successors, Darlington (manufacturers of woollen clothing), the 41/2d. rate unusually paid by 1d. red-brown bisect with four unbisected 1d. red-brown, one corner marginal, showing 'Large Squares' cork cancellations (1/91) with ''(crown)/REGISTERED'' marking, despatch cd.s. and London Jan. 28 1892 registered oval transit overlapping below, carried on the ''Abydos'' and ''Potosi'' backstamped Jan. 29 arrival, the cover with flap missing but attractive. Ex North collection. Barton O3. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1/2d. deep blue-green and 21/2d. very pale chalky ultramarine, from the first printing of May 1891, unique matching imprint blocks of eight (4 x 2) from the Bradbury Wilkinson archive sheets, unused with some gum. All of the issued stamps from the printing were lost when the 'Neko' sank on the way to the islands, leaving one sheet of each value in the printers' archive. Each with Heijtz certificate (2002). SH 5a, 8a. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1/2d. selection of mint multiples, comprising blue-green upper right corner marginal block of four, deep dull green left unmounted marginal block of six (3 x 2, slight gum wrinkles), yellow-green unmounted lower right corner marginal block of nine, dull yellowish green unmounted lower marginal block of eighteen (6 x 3) with Bradbury Wilkinson imprint, mainly fine. (37) Ex 'Fordwater' collection. S.G. 15, 16b, 17b, 17c, cat. £502+.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1/2d. blue-green block of eighteen (6 x 3) cancelled by F.I. steel obliterators (Ob. 1/78), 1/2d. deep yellow-green block of twelve (6 x 2) cancelled by F.2 ''OC 22/1894'' c.d.s's with ''OC'' reversed, mostly fine and scarce used multiples. (30) S.G. 15, 17, cat. £738+.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1/2d. green, variety watermark inverted and reversed, lower marginal mint, a little heavily mounted otherwise fine. S.G. 16ay, cat. £500. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1d. orange red-brown, Oct. 1891 printing, unused block of eighteen, the lower three rows of the sheet with margins three sides (portions of selvedge missing at left), a few minor stains but scarce. Ex Palmer collection. SH 6e, S.G. 18, cat. £2,340+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1d. reddish chestnut, 1d. orange-brown watermark reversed, 21/2d. Prussian blue (faults, but with clear B.P.A. certificate, 1979), 4d. olive-black (unmounted), 6d. orange-yellow watermark reversed, and 9d. salmon, each in a mint block of four, most fine. (24) S.G. 19, 20, 29, 32, 33x, 36, cat. £2,104+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1d. claret, watermark reversed, ninth printing July 1894, a lower left corner block of eight (4 x 2), the lower row showing watermark frame line only, unmounted mint. Ex 'Fordwater' collection. SH 6h, S.G. 21x, cat. £680+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1d. Venetian red, watermark reversed, block of fifteen [R. 1/3-3/7] marginal from the top of the sheet, one showing neck blemish [R. 2/4], fresh and fine unmounted mint. Ex 'Fordwater' collection. SH 6i, v2, S.G. 22ax, cat. £195+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1d. Venetian red, watermark reversed, Nov. 1895 printing, complete mint sheet of sixty missing upper left stamp, the lower row showing watermark marginal line only, hinged in selvedge only, mainly fine. (59) Ex Palmer collection. SH 6i, S.G. 22ax cat. £767+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1d. Venetian claret, eleventh printing Apr. 1896, scarce complete mint sheet of sixty, fresh and mainly fine, unmounted except four. SH 6j, S.G. 22b, cat. £2,280+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1d. pale red, June 1899 printing, complete mint sheet of sixty hinged in selvedge only, the left column showing watermark marginal letters, overall gum toning and one or two small defects, 1d. orange-red, Jan. 1902 printing, upper left corner marginal block of ten (5 x 2) unmounted mint, mainly fine. (70) SH 6l, 6m, S.G. 23, 24, cat. £680+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 2d. reddish purple, Apr. 1896 printing, complete mint sheet of sixty, hinged in margins and on six stamps only some perf. buckling but mainly fine and unmounted. SH 7b, S.G. 26, cat. £390+.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 21/2d. Prussian blue, Jan. 1894 printing, upper right corner marginal horizontal pair hinged in selvedge only, fresh and fine. SH 8d, S.G. 29, cat. £500+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 21/2d. ultramarine, Apr. 1896 printing, complete unused sheet of sixty, [R. 1/1-2] with slight faults, scarce. SH 8f, S.G. 30, cat. £3,000+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 4d. brownish black, Jan. 1894 printing, watermark reversed, fresh mint block of four, fine. Heijtz notes ''blocks of four and larger multiples are very scarce, both mint and used''. S.G. 31, cat. £3,200+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 4d. olive-black, May 1895 printing, complete unmounted mint sheet of sixty incl. ''CROWN AGENTS'' watermark letters, numbered in left selvedge, mainly fine. S.G. 32, cat. £960+.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 6d. orange-yellow, watermark reversed, and 6d. yellow, both in mint blocks of four, fine. S.G. 33x, 34, cat. £560+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 9d. pale reddish orange, variety watermark reversed, mint, fine. S.G. 35x, cat. £600. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1s. grey-brown, variety watermark reversed, a scarce block of four, fine unmounted mint. S.G. 37x, cat. £760+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1s. yellow-brown, variety watermark reversed, scarce unmounted mint block of four, marginal from the right of the sheet, fine. S.G. 38x, cat. £900+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 1s. yellow-brown, variety watermark reversed, lower right corner marginal mint block of four with punch hole in selvedge, one with trivial grease mark otherwise fine. Ex 'Fordwater' collection. S.G. 38x, cat. £900+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891-1902 printings, selection comprising 1/2d. (marginal), 21/2d. and 6d. (marginal) overprinted ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type B2) without gum, 4d. and 6d. trimmed to resemble imperf. plate proofs, and a good range of mint or unused shades of 1/2d. (4), 1d. (12), 2d. (4), 21/2d. (6, two Prussian blue), 4d. (4), 6d. (4), 9d. (3) and 1s. (4) mainly fair to fine. (44)

Falkland Islands: 1898 2s.6d. deep blue and 5s. red mint, the former with faintly toned perfs., also 2s.6d. and 5s. used (cancellations not guaranteed). S.G. 41, 42. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1898 2s.6d. deep blue upper right corner marginal mint block of four showing cracked plate and re-entry [R. 1/9] and scratched ''F'' with plate crack [R. 1/10] varieties, the varieties unmounted, slight bends, the lower right stamp with small thin on reverse. ''As the total printing was only 6,000, only 100 of each variety could exist. It is most unlikely that many examples have survived, and in unbroken pairs the varieties must be of the greatest rarity.'' - Dr. H. Koefmann (Strand Stamp Journal, Nov. 1956). S.G. 41, vars., SH 14, v1, v2. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1898 5s. red, THE UNIQUE COMPLETE SHEET OF SIXTY, unused, slight reinforcement otherwise mainly fine. A spectacular exhibition item, the largest recorded multiple. S.G. 42, cat. £15,000+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1887 1d. brownish claret tied by ''F.I.'' steel obliterator to journal wrapper, likely to have previously enclosed an issue of ''The Falkland Islands Gazette'', addressed to Edward F. Baillon at Ventnor, Isle of Wight endorsed ''p. Book Post'' for the rare 1d. per 4oz. printed matter (or 'Colonial Book Post') rate in use from 1858 to 1898. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891 (July 11) envelope to Kent franked by 4d. olive grey-black, left marginal, just tied by 'cork' cancellation with F.2 despatch c.d.s. below and red London Aug. 11 transit on reverse, some minor soiling and tone spotting. Carried on the S.S. ''Herodot'' with the ninth mailing of the Bisect Provisionals. Ex Neild collection. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1894 (Apr. 14) Falkland Islands Co. envelope to Germany franked at foreign countries rate by 1889 4d. olive grey-black, marginal straight edge at left, small stain at foot, 'Bainbridge' cork cancellation (Ob. 2/94) with despatch c.d.s. below, showing red London May 29 transit and next day Buchbrunn arrival on reverse. Heijtz certificate (2016). Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1891 (Feb. 26) envelope from Government House (with printed imprint on flap) addressed to Capt. Frederic Echlin, R.N., son-in-law of the Governor Thomas Kerr, in Dorset, carried on the ''Pentaur'' and ''Liguria'' with the fourth mailing of the Bisect Provisionals franked at rare double rate by 1887 1d. strip of four and single with 'First Bisect' (Ob. 1/90) 'cork' cancellations with despatch c.d.s. below, Weymouth Mar. 13 arrival on reverse. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1897 (Mar. 2) envelope from Government House (with printed imprint on flap), registered to Switzerland exceptionally bearing 1878 1s. and 6d. (3, two marginal, one from the lower left corner of the sheet), F.1 c.d.s. cancellations, the 1s. additionally just tied by ''(crown)/REGISTERED'' marking, with London Registered hooded datestamp of Apr. 8 below and backstamped Lausanne Apr. 10 arrival, the cover initialled ''P.B.G'' at lower left. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1900 (June 25) 1d. carmine stationery envelope (1899) registered to Germany, with added 1891-1902 4d. olive-black cancelled F.4A (earliest known date) with further fine strike at left, ''(crown)/REGISTERED'' marking and German receiving registration label, redirected from Bitsch to Weinheim with Aug. 27 transit and arrival backstamps, attractive. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1903 (Jan. 6) registered cover to Hungary bearing 1898 2s.6d. deep blue and 5s. red cancelled F.4B (with ''JY'' for ''JA'' month error) additionally tied by Feb. 3 London registered transit red, backstamped Nagyszeben (now Sibiu, Romania) Feb. 6 arrival. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1912 envelope registered to Bedfordshire showing fine strike of circular ''POST OFFICE/(crown)/FALKLAND ISLANDS'' type PSO.5 handstamp in red, with type 1 registration label and bearing 1904-12 2d. purple lower right corner marginal block of four cancelled in transit by ''18 MR 12'' registered oval datestamps with further strike and next day Kempston arrival c.d.s. on reverse, the address erased and reinstated. B.P.A. certificate (1988). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: THE DE LA RUE 1903 COMPOSITE ESSAYS, unique pair of reunited essays with K.E.VII head printed in red affixed on 1891-1902 1d. and in blue affixed on 1898 2s.6d., both with oval frame and enclosed pearls around heads handpainted and mounted on thick card (89 x 114mm) dated ''Sept. 25th 03'', the former endorsed ''Approved for 1/2, 1 and 21/2d./stamp'', the latter ''Approved for 3s. stamp./(subject to colour being/settled).'' and both initialled ''W.H.M.'' (Crown Agent for the Colonies Sir William Hepworth Mercer) dated ''1.10.03'', slight soiling. The latter ex Lovibond and 'Stanley' collections. Listed as 5(i) in ''The De La Rue Definitives of the Falkland Islands'' by J.P. Bunt (1986). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Low denomination master die proof in black on surfaced wove paper (36 x 40mm), before deepening, dated ''22 OCT 1903'' above and with etched horizontal lines at lower right to illustrate shading depths. Listed as A.1 in ''The De La Rue Definitives of the Falkland Islands'' by J.P. Bunt (1986). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: High denomination master die proof in bright blue on surfaced wove paper (50 x 56mm). Ex Perkin, Ayre and 'Stanley' collections. Listed as H.2 in ''The De La Rue Definitives of the Falkland Islands'' by J.P. Bunt (1986). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: High denomination master die proof in red on surfaced wove paper (50 x 55mm). Ex Perkin, Ayre and 'Stanley' collections. Listed as H.3 in ''The De La Rue Definitives of the Falkland Islands'' by J.P. Bunt (1986). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Die proof of 1/2d. in black on thin surfaced card (48 x 58mm) dated ''30 NOV. 03'' above, endorsed ''AFTER/STRIKING'' and initialled ''G.C.G.'' (?). Listed as B.5 in ''The De La Rue Definitives of the Falkland Islands'' by J.P. Bunt (1986). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Stamp-size die proof of 2d. in ultramarine on unwatermarked wove paper. Listed as D.1 in ''The De La Rue Definitives of the Falkland Islands'' by J.P. Bunt (1986). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Stamp-size die proof of 6d. in ultramarine on unwatermarked wove paper. Listed as F.1 in ''The De La Rue Definitives of the Falkland Islands'' by J.P. Bunt (1986). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Stamp-size die proof of 1s. in ultramarine on unwatermarked wove paper. Listed as G.1 in ''The De La Rue Definitives of the Falkland Islands'' by J.P. Bunt (1986). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Stamp-size die proof of 3s. in black on thin card. Listed as I.2 in ''The De La Rue Definitives of the Falkland Islands'' by J.P. Bunt (1986). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Stamp-size die proof of 5s. in ultramarine on unwatermarked wove paper. Listed as J.1 in ''The De La Rue Definitives of the Falkland Islands'' by J.P. Bunt (1986). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Imperforate colour trials of 1d. (9) in different colours on watermarked paper affixed or partly affixed to Day Book sheet ex De La Rue archives headed ''Appendix'', dated and endorsed ''8th Decr. 1903/Falkland Islands/Reqn. 58/03'', separated for display into two large pieces (204 x 208 and 204 x 112mm) with vertical crease clear of trials. The trial in yellow-green with annotation ''1/2d.'' and endorsement ''Appd'' alongside, the trial in carmine with ''1d.'' alongside crossed through, the trial in blue annotated ''21/2d.'' and endorsed ''Appd'', the other trials in vermilion (with endorsement ''Approved/for 1d'' and initialled ''W.H.M.'' by Crown Agent for the Colonies Sir William Hepworth Mercer), deep blue-green, yellow, brown-purple, orange-vermilion (slightly oxidised) and in purple. Ex Palmer and 'Stanley' collections. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Imperforate colour trials of 2d. (3) and 5s. on watermarked paper affixed to piece (164 x 204mm) from Day Book sheet ex De La Rue archives headed ''Appendix'', dated and endorsed ''22nd August 1904/Falkland Islands/Reqn. 44/04'', the 2d. trials in deep purple annotated ''2d.'' alongside, in yellow annotated ''6d.'' and yellow-brown annotated ''1s.'', bracketed together with endorsement ''Appd.'' initialled ''W.H.M.'' by Crown Agent for the Colonies Sir William Hepworth Mercer, the 5s. trial in carmine annotated ''5/-'', vertical crease clear of adhesives. Ex Palmer collection. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Imperforate colour trials of 3s. (8) in different colours on watermarked paper affixed or partly affixed to Day Book sheet ex De La Rue archives headed ''Appendix'', dated and endorsed ''30th Decr. 1903/Falkland Islands/Reqn. 58/03'', separated for display into two large pieces (204 x 204 and 204 x 115mm) with vertical fold clear of trials. The trial in myrtle-green with endorsement ''Appd'', initials ''W.H.M.'' of Crown Agent for the Colonies Sir William Hepworth Mercer and date ''31.12.03'' alongside, the other trials in brown, red, yellow, bright yellow-green, ultramarine, dull purple and in pale carmine (the red, ultramarine and carmine trials with ''X'' marked below in blue pencil. Ex Palmer and 'Stanley' collections. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Imperforate colour trial of 5s. in grey on watermarked Mult. Crown CA paper, fine with gum. Ex Ayre and 'Stanley' collections. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King Edward VII Essays, Proofs and Specimens: Imperforate colour trials of 5s. in red on watermarked paper affixed to piece from Day Book sheet ex De La Rue archives with scrawled endorsement note below ''Approved for 5/-'' initialled ''W.H.M.'' by Crown Agent for the Colonies Sir William Hepworth Mercer and dated ''3.8.04''. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 1/2d. to 5s. set overprinted ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type D12 or D12a), mainly fine with gum. (8) S.G. 43s-50s, cat. £600. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 1/2d. to 5s. set with additional shades of 1/2d. (3), 1d. (6, one dull coppery red with R.P.S. certificate, 1974), 2d. (2, one reddish purple with B.P.A. certificate, 1960), 21/2d. (2, one deep blue with R.P.S. certificate, 1959), 6d., 1s. and 3s. (green), mint, mainly fine. (24) Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 1/2d. yellow-green watermark inverted and 2d. purple watermark reversed varieties, fine used. S.G. 43aw, 45ax, cat. £625. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 1d. vermilion watermark inverted, 2d. purple watermark reversed and 21/2d. ultramarine watermark inverted varieties, lightly hinged, the first with slight bends otherwise fine. S.G. 44aw, 45ax, 46aw, cat. £1,425. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 2d. reddish purple, upper left corner marginal block of four, a few bends, mainly in left selvedge, otherwise fine and rare. Heijtz notes ''blocks of four and larger multiples are very scarce, both mint and used''. S.G. 45b, cat. £900+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 2d. reddish purple, used block of four, odd bend, mainly fine and rare. Heijtz notes ''blocks of four and larger multiples are very scarce, both mint and used''. B.P.A. certificate (1960). S.G. 45b, cat. £1,100+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 21/2d. ultramarine, an exceptional used block of thirty (6 x 5) with ''SP 23/12'' cancellations and at lower right London ''25 OC 12'' registered transit/arrival oval, mainly fine. Believed to be the largest postally used multiple of this issue. S.G. 46. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 6d. orange, unmounted mint lower left corner marginal block of fifteen (5 x 3), fine. Ex Steinberg collection. S.G. 47, cat. £675+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 6d. orange and 5s. red in scarce used blocks of four, the right-hand pair in the former with diagonal bend otherwise mainly fine. S.G. 47, 50, cat. £792+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 3s. green, lower right corner marginal mint block of four, the lower pair unmounted, mainly fine. S.G. 49, cat. £720+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 3s. deep green, mint block of four, the lower pair unmounted, one with vertical bends otherwise mainly fine. S.G. 49b, cat. £600+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 3s. deep green, variety watermark reversed, mint, fine and rare. S.G. 49bx, cat. £1,425. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1904-12 5s. red, upper right corner marginal mint block of four, gum patchy at right, stamps unmounted, pressed creasing in right selvedge otherwise mainly fine. S.G. 50, cat. £900+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Essays, Stamp-size essay for 21/2d., composite construction with King's head pasted on 21/2d. frame, the surrounding oval retouched by hand, affixed to board (85 x 91mm) dated ''Sept 8th 11'', endorsed below ''Approved/W.H.M./12.9.11'' by Crown Agent for the Colonies Sir William Hepworth Mercer. Ex Mayall, Palmer, 'Stanley' and Prappas collections. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Essays, Stamp-size essay for 3s., composite construction with King's head pasted on 3s. frame, the surrounding oval retouched by hand, affixed to board (85 x 91mm) dated ''Sept 8th 11'', endorsed below ''Approved/W.H.M./12.9.11'' by Crown Agent for the Colonies Sir William Hepworth Mercer. Ex Mayall, Palmer, 'Stanley' and Prappas collections. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Essays, Extraordinary full-sized original essay for 10s. frame, composite construction with crown and oval frame pasted on bromide of frame, ''POSTAGE/REVENUE'', value tablets and pearls in oval handpainted in black and Chinese white, the King's head removed, affixed to board (170 x 203mm). Discovered in 1991 in Rhode Island amongst the personal archive of De La Rue employee, Henry W. Barr. Ex 'Stanley' collection. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Die proofs, Low denomination master die proof in black on surfaced wove paper (33.5 x 38.5mm), undenominated. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Die proofs, High denomination master die proof in black on surfaced wove paper (29.5 x 34.5mm), undenominated. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Die proofs, 5s. completed design in black on thin surfaced card (31 x 39mm), dated ''27.3.12'' in pencil on reverse. Ex Palmer collection. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Die proofs, 10s. completed design in black on thin surfaced card (39 x 42mm). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Die proofs, 10s. completed design in black on thin surfaced card (48 x 68mm). Ex Perkin and Prappas collections. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Die proofs, £1 completed design in black on thin surfaced card (40 x 42mm). Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Die proofs, £1 completed design in black on thin surfaced card (35 x 46mm), endorsed and dated below ''For hardening/E.A.R. Sept. 23 1913'' by Evelyn Andros De La Rue. Ex Palmer and Prappas collections. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Printers' Samples, Imperforate printers' sample of 2d. in orange on thick unwatermarked gummed paper, a rare block of four, minor corner crease at lower right. Samuel notes of these samples, ''They are scarcer ... without overprints''. Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Printers' Samples, Imperforate printers' samples of 2d. in orange and 10s. in sepia on thick unwatermarked paper, with part gum, both overprinted ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type DS10), small imperfections. (2) Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Paper Trials, Imperforate 1/2d. paper trials in ultramarine on white and yellow paper respectively, without gum, fine. (2) Photo.

Falkland Islands: King George V De La Rue Proofs and Specimens: Specimen Stamps, 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA 1/2d. to £1 set overprinted ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type D12 or D12a), odd bend or trivial stain otherwise mainly fine with gum. (11) S.G. 60s-69s, cat. £1,900. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA 1/2d. pale green (deep olive), line perf. (1918), a block of thirty, being the lower five rows of the sheet with margins, unmounted mint, fine. SH 24c, S.G. 60b, cat. £720+.

Falkland Islands: 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA 1/2d. pale green (deep olive), line perf. (1918), a fine used horizontal pair. Scarce, the overwhelming majority of this printing was overprinted ''WAR STAMP'' and few unoverprinted used examples survive. Ex Barton collection. SH 24c, S.G. 60b, cat. £320+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA 1d. pale scarlet on thin white paper, 1918 printing, line perf., fine used with F.5 ''17 SP/18'' code C c.d.s. B.P.A. certificate (2007). SH 25d, S.G. 61b, cat. £900. Scarce, it having been previously believed that all of this printing had received ''WAR STAMP'' overprints. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA 2d. purple (maroon), line perf. 1918 printing, an unmounted mint block of four, the upper pair with horizontal bend otherwise fine and fresh. Heijtz notes ''blocks of four and larger multiples are very scarce, both mint and used''. Ex Barton collection (when in a block of eight). SH 26c, S.G. 62b, cat. £1,400+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA 21/2d. bright deep blue, 1914 line perf. printing, a scarce block of twelve being the upper two rows of the sheet with margins on three sides, unmounted mint, fine. S.G. 63a, cat. £504+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA 21/2d. deep milky blue, 1916 line perf. printing, a block of twelve being the upper two rows of the sheet with margins, unmounted mint, fine. S.G. 63b, cat. £600+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA 6d. yellow-orange, watermark inverted, mint, fine. S.G. 64aw, cat. £900. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA 5s. red, a block of four cancelled by four fair to good strikes of F.5 ''C/AP 4/13'' c.d.s. in brown. SH F.5v1, S.G. 67 var. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA 10s. red on green, upper left corner marginal block of four, hinged in selvedge only, mainly fine. S.G. 68, cat. £760+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA, mainly mint selection with shades etc. comprising 1/2d. (7, one on 1927 wrapper addressed to Howard Clement at Roy Cove), 1d. (7), 2d. (6), 21/2d. (6, incl. one with R.P.S. certificate, 1978, as previously listed 'milky blue' shade), 6d. (5), 1s. (13, incl. a block of four), 3s. (5, incl. a corner block of four), 5s. red (2), 5s. maroon (5, incl. a marginal block of four), 10s. and £1, chiefly fine. (57 + 1 wrapper) Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1912-20 Watermark Mult. Crown CA, selection of mint blocks of four comprising 1/2d., the five printings all marginal (line perfs. with minor gum stains), 1s. 1912 and 1920 printings, and 3s. slate-green, mainly fine with some unmounted, mostly fine. (32)

Falkland Islands: 1918-20 ''WAR STAMP'' 1/2d. bluish green on thick greyish paper, Fifth overprinting, variety WATERMARK REVERSED, block of thirty, the largest recorded multiple, being the lower five rows of the sheet with margins, unmounted mint, fine. Ex 'Stanley' collection. Heijtz certificate (2016). SH 35dVd1 wmk1, S.G. 70cx, cat. £15,000+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1918-20 ''WAR STAMP'' 1d. vermilion, Third overprinting, variety OVERPRINT DOUBLE, the unique upper right corner marginal block of four [R. 1/5-2/6], unmounted mint (lightly hinged in selvedge only), fresh and fine. Heijtz certificate (2016). SH 36cIII v1, S.G. 71ca, cat. £17,000+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1918-20 ''WAR STAMP'' 1s. deep brown on thick greyish paper, Fifth overprinting, variety watermark inverted, used, fine. Three sheets only recorded. SH 37c wmk1, S.G. 72bw, cat. £500. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1918-20 ''WAR STAMP'' mint selection, incl. comb and line perfs., blocks of four, 1s. deep brown on thick greyish paper, Fifth overprinting, watermark inverted variety (three sheets only recorded) etc., mainly fine. (53)

Falkland Islands: 1921-28 Watermark Mult. Script CA 1/2d. to 3s. set with additional 1/2d., 1d. (2) and 21/2d. (3) single shades, 21/2d. marginal pair showing swan-necked ''2'' [R. 6/1], and 1/2d., 1d. (2), 2d. and 21/2d. (2) blocks of four, odd imperfection or lightly toned gum otherwise mostly fine. (35)

Falkland Islands: 1921-28 Watermark Mult. Script CA 1/2d. to 3s. set in mint blocks of four, some unmounted, 1s. block with one toned perf., 3s. corner marginal, mainly fine. (32) S.G. 73-80, cat. £600+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1921-28 Watermark Multiple Script CA 1d. dull vermilion, variety wmk. inverted and reversed, extremely lightly hinged, fine. SH 39a wmk1, S.G. 74ay, cat. £750. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1921-28 Watermark Mult. Script CA 21/2d. 'Prussian blue', Oct. 1928 printing, upper left corner marginal block of twelve (3 x 4), unmounted mint, mainly fine. R.P.S. certificate (1978), the shade no longer listed by S.G. SH 41c2. cat. £1,200+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1921-28 Watermark Mult. Script CA 21/2d. pale purple on yellow, watermark inverted and reversed, unmounted mint, fine. S.G. 77ay, cat. £850. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1921-28 Watermark Mult. Script CA 6d. orange-yellow, variety WATERMARK INVERTED, scarce mint block of four, marginal from the right of the sheet, lightly hinged on upper pair only, fine. S.G. 78w, cat. £2,200+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1929-37 'Whale and Penguin': Die Proofs, Progressive die proof of design, undenominated, in blue on wove paper (23.5 x 26.5mm) showing the later rejected fifth penguin at right. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1929-37 'Whale and Penguin': Die Proofs, Progressive die proof of design, undenominated, in blue on wove paper (24 x 29mm) endorsed and dated below in pencil ''1.11.28 Final''. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1929-37 'Whale and Penguin': Die Proofs, Completed designs in black on surfaced wove paper, the famous 'set' of nine values from 1/2d. to £1 showing central horizontal guidelines. Ex Dr. Stone, Perkin, Mummery and 'Stanley' collections. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1929-37 'Whale and Penguin': Die Proofs, 1d. completed design in carmine on surfaced wove paper (42 x 47mm), vertical bend at left clear of design. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1929-37 'Whale and Penguin': Die Proofs, Unissued 3s. value in black on surfaced wove paper (25 x 29mm). One of two known examples. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1929-37 'Whale and Penguin': Plate Proofs, 4d. imperf. in issued orange on watermarked paper handstamped ''SPECIMEN'' (15.5 x 1.75mm), a block of four marginal from the left of the sheet. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1929-37 'Whale and Penguin': Specimen Stamps, 1/2d. to £1 set perforated ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type P5), mainly fine with gum. (11) S.G. 116s-126s, cat. £1,000. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1929-37 'Whale and Penguin' 1/2d. to £1 set mint with additional 2., 21/2d., 1s., 2s.6d., 5s., line perf. 1/2d., 1d., 4d., 6d. and 1s., the £1 rather heavily mounted otherwise mainly fine. (21) Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1929-37 'Whale and Penguin': 1s. black on bright emerald, line perf., lower left corner marginal mint block of thirty (6 x 5), hinged on four and in selvedge only, mainly fine. S.G. 122a, cat. £960+.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary: Die proofs, 1/2d. Romney Marsh ram vignette in black on wove paper (106 x 86mm). Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary: Die proofs, 11/2d. Whale Catcher ''Bransfield'' vignette in black on wove paper, cut-down (51 x 36mm), minor stain at left. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary: Specimen Stamps, 1/2d. to £1 set perforated ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type B9) with gum, some toning and odd bend. (12) S.G. 127s-38s, cat. £4,250. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary 1/2d. to £1 set mint, mainly fine. (12) S.G. 127-38, cat. £4,250. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary 1/2d. and 1d. with Great Britain 11/2d. cancelled by Port Stanley c.d.s's on 1933 (Dec. 27) 'Cutress' cover to Surrey with straight line ''PAQUEB(OT)'' in violet (1/2d. affixed partially over strike) and double oval ''FALKLAND ISLANDS GOVERNMENT/(crown)/SHIP ''DISCOVERY'''' cachet in blue with ms. ''II'' amendment to ship's name. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary 6d., 1s. and 2s.6d. individually used on 1933 (Apr. 24) three covers to Buenos Aires, each with arrival and framed ''A COBRAR/$050-3MAY33'' markings on reverse, a few minor stains. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary 2s.6d. black and violet mint block of four with two unmounted, a few faint stains on gum otherwise fine and scarce S.G. 135, cat. £1,000+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary 5s. black and yellow, unmounted mint lower marginal block of four with Bradbury Wilkinson imprint, very minor bends and two perfs. at top faintly toned on reverse, rare. S.G. 136, cat. £3,800+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary 5s. black and yellow-orange, fine mint upper right corner marginal block of four, the upper pair unmounted, very scarce. A Diena certificate (1967) and pencil initials in selvedge. S.G. 136a, cat. £13,000+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary 10s. black and chestnut upper marginal unmounted mint block of four, fine and scarce S.G. 137, cat. £3,400+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary £1 black and carmine mint block of four, one unmounted but with one perf. lightly toned on reverse otherwise fine and scarce S.G. 138, cat. £10,000+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1933 Centenary £1 black and carmine tied to piece by ''8 JY/33'' c.d.s., fine. S.G. 138, cat. £3,250. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1935 Silver Jubilee 1d. to 1s. set perforated ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type B9), the 4d. and 1s. lower marginal, the 1s. with small patch of disturbance otherwise fine with full gum. S.G. 139s-42s, cat. £475. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1935 Silver Jubilee 1d. to 1s. set unmounted mint, also 21/2d. re-entry on value tablet [R. 8/1] marginal mint and 1s. 'short extra flagstaff' [Pl. 2, R. 2/1] mint, reperforated at foot. S.G. 139-42, 140l, 142b, cat. £1,148. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1935 Silver Jubilee 1d. deep blue and scarlet, left marginal mint block of four incl. variety 'flagstaff on right-hand turret' [Pl. 5, R. 7/1], mint, fine. S.G. 139, d, cat. £459+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1935 Silver Jubilee 1d. deep blue and scarlet, variety 'double flagstaff' [Pl. 6, R. 5/2], mint and used examples, fine. S.G. 139e, cat. £950. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1935 Silver Jubilee 21/2d. brown and deep blue, variety 'double flagstaff' [Pl. 6, R. 5/2], mint, a little heavily mounted otherwise fine. S.G. 140d, cat. £850. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1935 Silver Jubilee 21/2d. brown and deep blue, variety 'flagstaff on right-hand turret' [Pl. 5, R. 7/1], mint, fine. S.G. 140d, cat. £500. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1935 Silver Jubilee 1s. slate and purple, lower left corner marginal mint block of four incl. variety 'extra flagstaff' [Pl. 1, R. 9/1] hinged in selvedge only, one normal stamp with trivial bend otherwise fine. S.G. 142, a, cat. £3,545+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1935 Silver Jubilee 1s. slate and purple showing variety 'lightning conductor' [Pl. 3, R. 2/5], mint, fine. B.P.A. certificate (2000). S.G. 142c, cat. £3,500. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1937 Coronation 1/2d. to 21/2d. set perforated ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type B9), each marginal from the right of the sheet, fine with full gum. S.G. 143s-45s, cat. £425. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1938-50 1/2d. to £1 set of sixteen perforated ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type B9) mainly fine with gum. S.G. 146s-63s, cat. £2,500. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1938-50 5s. indigo and pale yellow-brown, 1938 Second Printing, mint, fine. S.G. 161b, cat. £1,100. Photo.

Falkland Islands: 1938-50 5s. dull deep blue and dark yellow-brown, 1944 printing, a mint block of four, lower right corner marginal, hinged in margin only, a few light diagonal bends otherwise fine. Heijtz certificate (2012). SH 91c, S.G. 161c, cat. £480+. Photo.

Falkland Islands: K.G.VI mint collection, incl. 1938-50 to £1 with 1d. and 1s. shades, 1952 to £1, Dependencies 1944-45 Overprints with 6d. shades, 1946-49 Thick and Thin Maps with dot in ''T'' of ''SOUTH'' variety in set of eight, chiefly fine with most unmounted. (115)

Falkland Islands Dependencies: Graham Land: 1944 Overprint 1/2d. to 1s. set perforated ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type B9), mainly fine with full gum. (8) S.G. A1s-A8s, cat. £650. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1904-12 2d. purple, 21/2d. ultramarine, 6d. yellow-orange, 3s. myrtle-green (cut tightly) and 5s. red (slight oxidisation), all corner marginal examples on piece with fine small ''South Georgia'' imprint and part Falkland Islands F.4D May 23 1910 c.d.s., scarce correct usage. (5) Ex 'Stanley' collection. S.G. ZU2, cat. from £6,500, SH SGU2a. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1904-12 2d. purple and 1912-23 21/2d. deep bright blue (S.G. Z16, Z25), both marginal examples tied to piece by fine SG1 ''JA 27/14'' c.d.s's, ex Taylor collection, 1912-20 also 'Mcleod' cover bearing 1904-12 1d. with fake ''South Georgia'' imprint and Falkland Islands c.d.s.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1904-12 2d. reddish purple, THE UNIQUE BLOCK OF TWELVE, (2 x 6) on piece cancelled by four good to fine strikes of SG1 ''JU 3/12'' c.d.s. Spectacular. S.G. Z16, cat. £3,900+. Heijtz notes ''blocks of four and larger multiples are very scarce, both mint and used''. Ex Heyburn collection. B.P.A. certificate (1966) Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1904-12 2d. reddish purple tied to piece by good to fine complete strike of SG1 ''JU 22/14'' c.d.s. R.P.S. (1952) and Heijtz (2012) certificates. S.G. Z16b, cat. £325. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1904-12 3s. myrtle-green and 5s. red (slight oxidisation) on individual pieces, both with fine small ''South Georgia'' imprint below and central and SG1 Aug. 15 1910 c.d.s. (5) S.G. ZU3, SH SGU2b. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1910 (July 4) envelope from Grytviken to Surrey bearing 1904-12 1/2d. (2) and 2d. paying Empire rate of 3d. for 3oz., each with small ''South Georgia'' imprint below and tied by SG1 c.d.s.'s, backstamped Godalming Aug. 10 arrival having been carried on the ''Cachalote'' and the ''Oravia'', roughly opened at top nevertheless an attractive and rare cover. S.G. ZU3, SH SGU2b. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1912-23 10s. red on green cancelled by ''(S)OUTH GEORG(IA)'' straight line imprint alone, fine. B.P.A. certificate (1986). SH SGU1c. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1912-23 £1 black on red tied to small piece by 1920 SG1 c.d.s, fine. Ex Koefman collection. SH Z31, cat. £1,000. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1912 (Feb 14) The rare provisional handstamp ''Paid At/SOUTH GEORGIA'' with ms. ''21/2d'' and initialled ''JIW'' (James Innes Wilson) overstruck by SG1 c.d.s. on blue envelope addressed to Gjertine Andersen in Larvik, Norway with Mar. 23 arrival backstamp, a little roughly opened at foot. To be listed as T.10 by Osborne in future update of F.I.P.S.G. Monograph 15. S.G. PH4, cat. £11,000. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1912 (Feb 14) The rare provisional handstamp ''Paid At/SOUTH GEORGIA'' with ms. ''21/2d'' and initialled ''JIW'' (James Innes Wilson) overstruck by SG1 c.d.s. on envelope addressed to Gjertine Andersen in Larvik, Norway with Mar. 23 arrival backstamp, cut open at foot. To be listed as T.11 by Osborne in future update of F.I.P.S.G. Monograph 15. S.G. PH4, cat. £11,000. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1913 (Apr. 12) small cover registered to Dublin bearing 1887 4d. grey-black, lower left corner marginal example with perforations trimmed from other sides, cancelled by fine SG1 c.d.s. with additional strike alongside, type SG1 registration label at left, June 4 transit on reverse, a few minor stains but unusual. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1919 (Oct. 15) unusual cover registered to Percy Creaghe in Devon bearing 1912-20 1/2d., 1d., 1918-20 ''WAR STAMP'' 1/2d. block of six, 1d. pair and single tied by mainly fine SG1 c.d.s's, showing on reverse rare type SG3B registration label ''New Island'' deleted, ''South Georgia'' imprint'' added), with London transit and Dawlish Jan. 18 1920 arrival c.d.s's. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: The 1928 South Georgia Provisional Surcharge, 21/2d. on 2d. purple-brown, upper right corner marginal horizontal pair, unmounted mint, fine. B.P.A. certificate (1973) S.G. 115, cat. £2,600+. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: The 1928 South Georgia Provisional Surcharge, 21/2d. on 2d. purple-brown, lower right corner marginal vertical pair tied to piece by SG2 ''FE 14/29'' c.d.s., fine. This late usage has been linked to Governor Sir Arnold Hodson, other examples cancelled on this date having been seen on a self-addressed cover and a piece showing the Governor's handwriting. S.G. 115, cat. £2,600+. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1929-37 'Whale & Penguin' 1d., 1s., 2s.6d., 5s., 10s. and £1, marginal examples tied to individual pieces by matching SG4 ''8.45PM/8 JY/35'' complete c.d.s's, fine. S.G. Z44, Z49-53, cat. £1,867. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Georgia: 1944 Overprint 1/2d. black and green, variety WATERMARK SIDEWAYS, mint, fine and rare. S.G. B1a, cat. £4,750. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Orkneys: 1944 Overprint 1/2d. to 1s. set perforated ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type B9), fine with full gum. (8) S.G. C1s-C8s, cat. £650. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Shetlands: THE PORT FOSTER OVERPRINT: 1912 1d. vermilion crossed by fine diagonal ''PORT FOSTER'' straight line with F.4E ''MR 31/13'' c.d.s, fine. B.P.A. (1984) and Heijtz (2003) certificates. S.G. Z07, cat. £1,800. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Shetlands: THE PORT FOSTER OVERPRINT: 1912 3s. deep green tied to piece by ''PORT FOSTER'' straight line and F.4E ''MR 31/13'' c.d.s, the adhesive lifted and hinged back into position, with type 3 registration label (slightly stained) alongside. B.P.A. certificate (1971). Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Shetlands: 1922 (Nov. 22) an exceptional envelope addressed to Civil Engineer A.A.P. Neave in Port Stanley bearing 1912-20 1d., 21/2d. (corner marginal), 6d., 1918-20 ''WAR STAMP'' 1/2d. pair, 1921-28 1/2d. pair and 21/2d. (corner marginal) cancelled by six fine strikes of type B1 ''DECEPTION ISLAND/22 NOV 1922/SOUTH SHETLANDS'' double oval datestamp in violet, with May 1 arrival c.d.s. on reverse, vertical cover fold clear of adhesives and strikes. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Shetlands: 1922 (Nov. 22) envelope addressed to Patrick, son of Acting Governor Sir Herbert Henniker-Heaton in Port Stanley bearing 1918-20 ''WAR STAMP'' 1/2d. tied by type B1 ''DECEPTION ISLAND/5 MAR 1923/SOUTH SHETLANDS'' double oval datestamp in violet. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Shetlands: 1923 (Jan. 6) envelope addressed by Dr. Brabazon Hallowes, Assistant Colonial Surgeon, to his son Herbert in Port Stanley bearing 1912-20 1d. pair and 2d. single, both upper left corner marginal, cancelled by two strikes of type B1 ''DECEPTION ISLAND/6 JAN 1923/SOUTH SHETLANDS'' double oval datestamp in violet, with Apr. 20 arrival c.d.s. on reverse, slight stains. Herbert James Lempriere Hallowes (1912-1987) later distinguished himself as a pilot during the Battle of Britain, his multiple kills including a share in the downing of a Heinkel He 111 on Feb. 3 1940, the first enemy aircraft to crash on English soil in the war, and subsequently rising to the rank of Wing Commander. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Shetlands: 1923 (Jan. 6) envelope addressed by medical officer Dr. Brabazon Hallowes, Assistant Colonial Surgeon, to his son Herbert in Port Stanley bearing 1912-20 upper marginal 6d. cancelled by type B1 ''DECEPTION ISLAND/6 JAN 1923/SOUTH SHETLANDS'' double oval datestamp in violet, with Apr. 20 arrival c.d.s. on reverse, slight stains. Herbert James Lempriere Hallowes (1912-1987) later distinguished himself as a pilot during the Battle of Britain, will multiple kills including a share in the downing of a Heinkel He 111 on Feb. 3 1940, the first enemy aircraft to crash on English soil in the war, and subsequently rising to the rank of Wing Commander. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Shetlands: 1930 (Mar. 12) envelope registered to California bearing 'Whale & Penguin' 1/2d., 1d., 2d. and 21/2d., with four mainly fine B.2 c.d.s's, Stanley type 6B registration label at left, showing Port Stanley Mar. 25 and other transit backstamps with Oakland May 13 arrival, slight cover creasing. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: South Shetlands: 1944 Overprint 1/2d. to 1s. set perforated ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type B9), fine with gum. (8) B.P.A. certificate (2001) S.G. D1s-D8s, cat. £650. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: 1946 Thick Maps, Imperforate die proofs of duty plates, set of eight in issued colours, each affixed to board (75 x 89mm) with printers' ref. nos. between ''F872'' and ''F916'' at lower right. Ex 'Stanley' collection. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: 1946 Thick Maps, Imperforate die proofs of complete design, set of eight in issued colours on wove paper. Ex 'Stanley' collection. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: 1946 Thick Map 1/2d. to 1s. set perforated ''SPECIMEN'' (Samuel type B9), mainly fine with gum. (8) S.G. G1s-8s, cat. £1,100. Photo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies: 1946 Thick Maps, Missing ''I'' in ''Is.'' [Vignette Pl. 1, R. 1/2] on 1/2d. used and 1d. upper marginal mint block of four (variety unmounted), mainly fine. S.G. G1b, G2, b, cat. £505+. Photo.